SmartPLS
SmartPLS and PLS-SEM explained — when variance-based SEM is the right choice, building measurement and structural models, reliability and validity thresholds, bootstrapping, and reporting results reviewers accept.
All SmartPLS guides
4 articles
Convergent & Discriminant Validity: AVE, HTMT and Fornell-Larcker Thresholds
The exact thresholds examiners check: AVE ≥ 0.50, loadings ≥ 0.708, HTMT below 0.85/0.90, and the Fornell-Larcker criterion — what each means, and what to do when a construct fails.
How to Interpret SmartPLS Bootstrapping Results (t-Values, p-Values, CIs)
You've run bootstrapping in SmartPLS — now what do the t-values, p-values and confidence intervals actually mean? A path-by-path reading guide, with the reporting format reviewers expect.
What is SmartPLS? PLS-SEM Explained for Thesis Research
SmartPLS runs PLS-SEM — the variance-based cousin of structural equation modelling. What it is, when it's the right choice, and the full analysis workflow with the thresholds reviewers check.
SPSS vs AMOS vs SmartPLS: How to Choose Your Analysis Tool
Three tools, three jobs. A plain-English guide to choosing between SPSS, AMOS and SmartPLS for your thesis — based on your questions, model and sample.
Put it into practice
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Frequently asked
When is SmartPLS the right choice over AMOS?+
Choose SmartPLS (PLS-SEM) when your goal is prediction or theory building, your model is complex, your sample is modest or non-normal, or you have formative constructs. Choose AMOS (CB-SEM) to confirm established theory with larger, normal samples and global fit indices.
What reliability and validity thresholds apply in PLS-SEM?+
Commonly: outer loadings ≥ 0.708, composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.70, AVE ≥ 0.50 for convergent validity, and HTMT below 0.85 (or 0.90 for conceptually close constructs) for discriminant validity.
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